History and Origins
Locking is a style of funk dance that originated in Los Angeles during the 1970s, an era marked by the rise of funk and soul music. Its creation is attributed to Don Campbell, who, in the late 1960s, accidentally developed the distinctive "locking" movements. While attempting a move called the "funky chicken," Campbell stopped at a particular point, unable to remember the next step, thus creating a "locking" effect.101 These halts became popular, and the dance was initially called Campbellocking, later shortened to Locking. Locking gained widespread popularity through performances by Campbell's group, The Lockers, on television shows like Soul Train.
Core Characteristics
Locking is characterized by its concept of "locking movements," which means freezing from a fast movement and "locking" in a certain position, holding that position briefly, and then continuing at the same speed. It relies on fast and distinct arm and hand movements combined with more relaxed hips and legs. The movements are generally large, exaggerated, rhythmic, and tightly synced with the music.
Locking is performance-oriented, often involving interaction with the audience through smiles or high fives, and some moves are quite comical. While improvisational by nature, it also consists of a set of signature moves from its pioneers. Dancers may maintain a serious demeanor to emphasize technique or smile to highlight the dance's comical aspect.
Key Movements
Locking incorporates a variety of moves, often punctuated by sudden pauses:
The Lock/Double Lock: The hallmark movement, involving momentarily freezing in place, often with arms and legs in a specific position, synchronized with the music's beat.
Arm and Hand Gestures: Dancers use sharp, precise gestures, from simple waves to complex configurations, to convey emotion and add visual interest. This includes waving of arms, pointing, and wrist twirls.
Up Lock (Muscle Man): A macho man pose where the arms are drawn above the shoulder and generally held for a moment.
Pacing: A quick jab to the side.
Alpha: A move where one leg is kicked forward from a crouching position while the upper body leans backward, with or without hand support.
Funky Guitar: Hands positioned as if holding a guitar, while walking backward.
Point: A quick, extended pointing gesture coming from the opposite shoulder, usually held for emphasis.
The Seek: Performing a breakdown while rolling arms in front of the body.
Skeeter Rabbit: A six-count kick and shuffle sequence, created by Tony Go Go when he stumbled while attempting another move.
Cultural Impact and Musicality
Locking was created by African American dancer Don Campbell in Los Angeles during the vibrant funk music and dance era of the late 1960s and early 1970s.23 It gained widespread popularity through appearances on Soul Train and performances by The Lockers.23 The style embodied the fun, playful, and energetic spirit of funk music while showcasing the unique style and personality of individual dancers. Locking was originally danced to traditional funk music, such as that produced or performed by James Brown.101 The music's strong rhythmic beats and soulful melodies provide the perfect backdrop for locking's dynamic movements.